《同等学历人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试大纲》规定：词汇部分共设20~30题，每题0.5分，考试时间为10~15分钟，词汇部分分为两节，A节包括10~15题，要求对单句中的一个带下划线的词或词组进行替换选择，从给定的四个选项中选出一个最接近的替换词。B节包括10~15题，内容为单句选择填空，要求考生根据句意从所给的四个选择项中选择一个最合适该句子的答案。词汇部分主要考察考生词义辨析能力。
1．熟悉掌握考试大纲规定的词汇
应该掌握考试大纲所规定的英语词汇量和需要达到的程度，即：

1. 熟练掌握5500个英语单词和550个常用词组。
2. 灵活运用其中的2500个左右的常用单词和200个常用词组。
3. 掌握一定数量的常用词汇，并能根据构词法和语境识别的常用派生词。掌握了以上几个部分，做好词汇题就有了较扎实的功底。

2．采用综合方法，科学的记忆词汇
记忆词汇的方法有很多，只有采用综合的方法才能比较准确,牢固的记住单词。常用的记单词的方法有以下几种：
反复记忆法。实际操作中，同学第一次复习前面背过的单词不应超过三天，第二次复习不应超过五天，第三次不应超过10天，第四次、第五次可逐渐延长，直至不忘。
瞬间记忆法。在瞬间记忆的基础上，通过联想和回忆，就能转化为长时记忆，从而提高记忆单词的效率。
归类记忆法。

1. bachelor（学士）、master（硕士）、doctor（博士）
2. ambassador（大使）、counselor（参赞）、consul（领事）

归纳词根记忆法。就是按照构词基本知识，把具有相同词根的单词归纳到一起来记忆，如acting、action、active、actor、actress、activity、actively、activist。
比较单词记忆法。如：

1. 改变一个元音的词，ball、bell、bill;
2. 改变一个辅音的词，fight，light，might，night，right，sight，tight；
3. 音形相同而意义不同，light（光）和light（轻）；
4. 形似而音义不同acquire（获得）、inquire（查询）、require（需要，命令）。

构词记忆法。通过掌握构词法来记忆单词，这种记忆方法可以迅速增加词汇量。英语主要有三种构词法： 
    1）转化，即由一个词类转化为另外一个词类。例如：videotape(n.)录像带――videotape(v.)拍录像。 
    2）派生，即通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词，例如：patho-是前缀，表示“痛苦”、“疾病”、“感情”。由此构成如：pathogen（病原体），pathology（病理学）。 
    3）合成，即由两个或更多的词合成一个词。例如：waterproof（防水），fireproof（防火），soundproof（隔音）等。再如：newsstand（报摊）。
例句记忆法。学习语言最直接的目的是运用，孤零零记忆一个单词的确痛苦，且事倍功半，因此，将它们放入一定的语言环境――例句中，结合句意来记忆，会记得更好、更牢。
谐音记忆法。谐音记忆法举例：
frugal  adj.节俭的；俭朴的。【助记】“腐乳够” （谐音）
exhaust vt.使筋疲力尽；用完耗尽n. 排气管 【助记】 “一个早死的他”（谐音）
flee vt.逃走 vi.消散  【助记】 “飞离”  (谐音)
ambition  n. 雄心勃勃的、野心的【助记】 “俺必胜”（谐音）
sentimental adj. 感伤性的 【助记】 “剩的馒头” （谐音）
故事记忆法。
恐怖份子驾驶飞机clash（撞击）了世贸，飞机就crash（坠落）了，大楼被smash（击碎）了，世贸变成了ash（灰, 灰烬），小bush感到很ashamed（惭愧），就需要很多cash（现金）才能恢复美国人的信心。

3．熟悉词汇考试题型，灵活运用解题技巧

短语辨析
1）Talks on climate change resumed in the German city of Bonn on July 16 to combat global warming.
A. focus on          B. settle down           C. fight against       D. sum up
Note: 答案为C。fight against“反对，对抗”可替换combat“战斗，抗击”。focus“集 中”，settle down “安定下来，定居”，sum up “总结”
2）I would recommend this inn highly on account of its wonderful location.
 A. as a result of     B. because of           C. with regard to       D. with a view to
Note：答案为B。on account of “由于”，只有because of与其同义。as a result “作为结果”，with regard to “关于”，with a view to “为了，目的在于”
3）A leading British scholar has proposed translating Shakespeare into contemporary English ______ young audiences who are confused by jokes which are 400 years out of date.
 A. in memory of                          B. at the cost of
 C. on behalf of                           D. for the benefit of
Note：答案为D。for the benefit of “为了…利益”，本句意为“当代的青年读者经常对莎士比亚作品中的幽默感到困惑，为此，一位著名的英国学者提议将莎士比亚的作品翻译成现代英语。in memory of “为纪念”，at the cost of “以…为代价”，on behalf of “代表”。 同义词、近义词辨析
4)  We have a responsibility to ensure our nation’s continued prosperity and the most sensible way to do this is by investment in basic scientific research.
 A. effective          B. efficient             C. significant      D. reasonable
Note：答案为D。sensible “有感觉的，明智的”，只有reasonable“合理的”可与其替换。Effective “有效的”，efficient “有效率的”；significant “重大的，有重大意义的”。
5)  Television advertisements do more than merely reflect dominant ideologies.
     A. exactly           B. faithfully            C. repeatedly       D. simply
Note: 答案为D。merely 相当于simply“仅仅，只不过”。exactly “确切地”, faithfully “忠       诚地，如实地”, repeatedly “重复地，再三地”。
6)  Among picture books for 4-8-year-olds, several outstanding works appeared that combined   original stories with _____ illustrations.
     A . imaginable        B. imaginative           C. imaginary         D. imageless
Note：答案为B。题意为“把故事原形与充分的想象相结合”。imagine“想象”，  imaginative“富于想象力的”，imaginable “可以想象的”，imaginary“虚构的，假想的”, imageless   “无形象的”
形近词辨析
7) Hague was elected as the Conservative Party leader partly because of his ambiguous views on Britain’s position in relation to its partners in the European Union.
   A. ambitious         B. obscure              C. appalling          D. indifferent
Note：答案为B。ambiguous“暧昧的，不明确的”，只有obscure“模糊的，朦胧的”与其同义。ambitious “有雄心的”，appalling“令人震憾的，骇人听闻的”，indifferent“漠然的，无关紧要的”。 
8) From observers’ estimates of the brightness of the fireball, he ___ that the body in the space was between 40 feet and 260 feet in diameter.
   A. deduced          B. reduced              C. induced            D. produced
Note：答案为A。deduce“推论，演绎出”，经常与from连用，表示“从…中推断出”。辨析：induce“劝诱，促使”，deduce“推论”，reduce“减少，简化”，produce“生产”，introduce“介绍，引进” 
典型词缀：-ion, im-, re-, -ible/-able, -ive, -less，-ly等。
9) In spite of a problem with the faulty equipment, some very useful work was accomplished.
   A. imperfect        B. temporary            C. emergency         D. reinstalled
Note：答案为A。解答本题可以充分利用词缀知识。划线单词faulty“有缺点的，不完美的”，是fault(n)“缺点，毛病”加上后缀-y变来的，而选项A 是imperfect“不完美的”，只要了解im-这一表示否定的前缀，它的词义很容易推出，因为perfect“完美的”是一个非常常见的形容词。其它三个选项即使不认识也不会影响对正确答案的判断。
temporary “暂时的，临时的”, emergency “紧急情况，突然事件”, reinstall “重新设置”（注意前缀re-“又，再”）
10) Chemists, physicists and mathematicians are ______ known as scientists.
A. collectively   B. alternatively  C. cognitively  D. exclusively
Note：答案为A。collectively “全体地，共同地” ，alternatively “二者择一地” ，cognitively “认知地”，exclusively “排外地，专有地”
其它重点、难点词汇
11) “Since we are exchanging ______, I too have a secret to reveal,” said Mary.
A. transferences   B. transactions    C. confidences    D. promises
Note: 答案为C 。 transferences “转送” ，transactions “办理，交易”，confidences “秘密，私事”，promises “承诺，允诺”

词汇专项练习

1. The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving _________ for the states and liberty for individuals. (D)

A. autonomy          B. dignity          C. monopoly           D. stability

1. Excellent films are those which ______ national and cultural barriers. (A)
   A) transcend        B)traverse        C) abolish            D) suppress
2. Actor Pierce Brosnan may play the deadly super spy in the movies, but in real life he is a ____ father and a loving husband.（D）

A. devastated     B. deserved              C. desperate           D. devoted

1. Television advertisements do more than merely reflect dominant ideologies. (D)

A. exactly            B. faithfully           C. repeatedly            D. simply

1. An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advanced medical_____, will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology. (C)

A. interference     B. interruption      C. intervention          D. interaction

1. The following account by the author ____ the difference between European and American reactions. (A)

A. illustrates                 B. acquires                  C. demands            D. deletes

1. “Since we are exchanging ____, I too have a secret to reveal,” said Mary. (C)

A. transferences            B. transactions             C. confidences          D. promises

1. The accepted criteria of adequate diet have been challenged by new discoveries in nutrition. (C)

A. formations                B. components            C. standards        D. ingredients

1. The State Council will lay down new rules that aim to make management compatible with internationally accepted conventions. (C)

A. conferences              B. conversations     C. practices         D. formations

1. One’s awareness, both conscious and unconscious, of what happened in the past has a strong influence on one’s behavior. (C)

A. storage              B. impression                 C. perception                 D. memory

1. At that time work was restricted to slaves and to those few poor citizens who couldn’t support themselves. (B)

A. attributed               B. limited              C. connected          D. devoted

1. From observers’ estimates of the brightness of the fireball, he ___ that the body in the space was between 40 feet and 260 feet in diameter. (A)

A. deduced            B. reduced            C. induced             D. produced

1. The new government embarked upon a program of radical economic reform.(A)

A. initiated                 B. produced               C. adopted          D. implemented

1. Technology has _______ the sharing, storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people. (D)

A. finished                   B. furnished                 C. functioned         D. facilitated

1. A leading British scholar has proposed translating Shakespeare into contemporary English ____ young audiences who are confused by jokes which are 400 years out of date. (D)

 A. in memory of       B. at the cost of     C. on behalf of       D. for the benefit of

1. All information reported to or likewise obtained by the commission is considered confidential.
    A. in a similar way                            B. in another way
    C. in a direct way                             D. in an unauthorized way
2. The microscope enables scientists to distinguish an incredible number and variety of bacteria．

 A．unavoidable        B．unchangeable   C．unbelievable       D．unpredictable

1. When taken in large quantities some drugs can cause permanent brain damage.
        A. lasting                   B. serious             C. terrible               D. temporary
2. _______ being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.
   A. Rather than            B. Apart from        C. Instead of           D. Owing to
3. The nasty language of local officials makes them seem very ignorant and rude.
   A. artificial        B. indecent        C. humorous      D. lively
4. Safety officials have earnestly questioned whether the increased use of synthetic materials heightens the risk of fire．

  A．cautiously  B．severely  C．accurately   D．seriously

1. Some people apparently have an amazing ability to ____the right answer．

A．come up with        B．look up to       C．put up with        D．clear up

1. The police tried in vain to break up the protest crowds in front of the government building
   A. unskillfully            B. violently             C. ineffectively        D. eventually
2. All information reported to or likewise obtained by the commission is considered confidential.
    A. in a similar way                            B. in another way
    C. in a direct way                             D. in an unauthorized way
3. Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn, the Irish milkmaid fought hard to_____ her laughter.

A. hold back           B. hold on           C. hold out             D. hold up

• The shy girl felt quite awkward  and uncomfortable when she could not answer the interviewer’s question．
• Chemists, physicists and mathematicians are collectively known as scientists.
• In principle, a person whose conduct was caused by mental disorder should not be liable to应受criminal punishment.
• The Televion station is supported by donations from foundations and other sources.
• One’s awareness (perception), both conscious and unconscious, of what happened in the past has a strong influence on one’s behavior.
• Technology has facilitated the sharing, storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.
• As an industry, biotechnology stands to _ rival _ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020.
• In the end, both attacks and defenses of the free market and conventional (traditional) economics have immense philosophical implications.
• The new technology hasmade possible for the doctor to make diagnoses without seeing the patient in person.
• A thorough study of biology requires familiarity _with the properties of trees and plants, and the habit of birds and beasts.
• Tennessee’s population is nearly two-fifths rural, and no single city or group of cities dominates the state.
• On hearing of the case some time later, Conan Doyle was convinced that the man was not guilty, and immediately went to work to ascertain (verify) the truth.
• A patient who is dying of incurable cancer of the throat is in terrible pain, which can no longer be satisfactorily alleviated.
• By advocating moderate (reasonable)change，they think that they can keep consumer costs low．
• The State Council will lay down new rules that aim to make management compatible with internationally accepted conventions.